分析机械零件加工中变形的原因
Analyzing the causes of deformation in Machine element processing
1.1 内力作用导致零件加工精度改变
1.1 Changes in machining accuracy of parts caused by internal force
车床加工时，通常是利用向心力的作用，用车床的三爪或者四爪卡盘，把零件卡紧，然后对机械零件进行加工。同时，为了确保零件在受力时不松动、减小内径向力的作用，必须要地变电阻柜 精密铸造 中频电炉设备 保定断桥铝门窗 保定养老院 镜子批发 启闭机使夹紧力大于机械的切削力。夹紧力随着切削力的增大而增大，随之减小而减小。这样的操作才能使机械零件在加工过程中受力稳定。但是，在三爪或者四爪卡盘松开后，加工出来的机械零件就会与原来的相差甚远，有的呈现多边形，有的呈现椭圆形，出现较大偏差。
During lathe processing, the Centripetal force is usually used to clamp the parts with the three jaw or four jaw chuck of the lathe, and then Machine element are processed. At the same time, in order to ensure that the parts do not loosen under force and reduce the effect of internal force, it is necessary to ensure that the clamping force is greater than the mechanical cutting force. The clamping force increases with the increase of cutting force and decreases with it. This kind of operation can make the Machine element bear the force stably in the processing process. However, after the three jaw chuck or four jaw chuck is loosened, the processed Machine element will be far from the original ones, some of which are polygonal and some are elliptical, with large deviations.
1.2 热处理加工后容易产生变形问题
1.2 Deformation problems are prone to occur after heat treatment processing
对于薄片类的机械零件，由于其长径非常大，在对其进行热处理后容易出现草帽弯曲的状况。一方面会出现中间鼓出的现象，平面偏差增大，另一方面由于各种外界因素的影响，使零件产生弯曲现象。这些变形问题的产生不仅是由于热处理后的零件内应力发生了变化，还有操作人员的专业知识不扎实，不太了解零件的结构稳定性，从而增大了零件变形的概率。
For the thin Machine element, due to their large length and diameter, the straw hat is prone to bend after heat treatment. On the one hand, there will be a phenomenon of bulge in the middle, which increases the plane deviation. On the other hand, due to various external factors, the parts will experience bending phenomenon. The occurrence of these deformation problems is not only due to changes in the internal stress of the parts after heat treatment, but also due to the operator's lack of solid professional knowledge and lack of understanding of the structural stability of the parts, thereby increasing the probability of part deformation.
2 机械零件加工变形的改进措施
2 Improvement measures for machining deformation of Machine element